Leader: Ylenia Brilli (UNIVE); Other collaborator(s): Elena COTTINI (UNICATT)
Define KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) according to shared international standards of the impact of ageing on human capital, at the individual level and at firm level by taking into account tasks, competences and sector and measures of productivity. Measure the contributions of the KPIs through statistical/econometric models, to the organization of work also with reference to social partnership. Use matched employer-employee data. Insert special modules in the Italian permanent business census on ageing indicators and age management practices.
Brief description of the activities and of the intermediate results:
Corporate well-being affect senior workers’ reported job satisfaction, especially for individuals approaching retirement. Made use of the Trust Index survey run by Great Place to Work between 2019 and 2022 on a sample of Italian firms and estimated the relationship to retention levels (firm’s turnover): the “perceptions of identity” at the workplace (but also compensation level, training opportunities, and psychological wellbeing) reduce voluntary turnover. Workplace safety is a powerful predictor of senior workers' career pathways.The role of tertiary education on labour market outcomes in adult life based on two data sources:
- historical data on the expansion of tertiary education in Italy at the province level;
- survey data from the Labour Force Survey (LFS). College degree has a significant impact on career trajectories and outcomes of older workers in the long run and a positive effect on having a permanent contract. It drives the quality and skill-content of the job or occupation later in life: being in charge of other employees (i.e. supervisory position) and better working times.
Main policy, industrial and scientific implications
Organizational well-being on (reduced) firm-level turnover rates and the overall financial performance of firms, as measured by per capita value added (Prod) and by Return On Assets (ROA) indicators. A 0.1 decrease in turnover levels, reported by employees aged fifty-five and above, is associated with a 2.48 percentage points increase in the Return on Assets (ROA). This is the value of firm and industry-specific human capital (knowledge, social networks, interacting with co-workers and know-how), through prolonged tenure with the same employer.
1. A detailed map of individuals’ working career looking at fragmented working paths and the consequences on workers’ contribution to social security and for eligibility for a pension at older age.
2. Estimates of the impact of tertiary education availability on long-term labor market outcomes.
3. Estimates of the impact of the digital and green transition on the employability of older workers.
4. Estimates of organizational well-being on firm-level turnover rates and the overall financial performance of firms, as measured by per capita value added and by Return On Assets (ROA) indicators.
5. Estimates of the relevance for the organization of work and the investment in ICT skills and about the role of social partnerships and collective bargaining for counterbalancing risks of job insecurity and difficulty to make ends meet of older workers.
Brief description of the activities and of the intermediate results:
- (Y. Brilli, E. Cottini, P. Ghinetti, G. Moroni, F. Parodi) Sensitivity analyses using LFS data on both educational attainment and later labor market outcomes have been performed, which have shown that the results on educational attainment is particularly robust, especially for females, while the ones on working outcomes are less robust. Because of this, we proceeded in two steps: (i) we have analyzed the most recent studies on the evaluation of college expansion policies in order to identify the most appropriate estimation strategy; (ii) we have applied to the Call for Visitinps projects, which gives the possibility to use administrative social security data for Italy, in order to be able to perform the analysis on work outcomes on admin data rather than on survey data. Finally, we have started producing indeces of work outcomes in later life and on how they are affected by educational attainment.
- The study conducted by Lucifora C. and Piotti M. uses INAPP firm-level data on "Innovation and Ageing in SME" to create indices for age management, outplacement, workforce characteristics, and performance. It examines how firm attributes influence HRM practices and their impact on performance. Initial findings show that age-related practices have increased, with collective bargaining and firm traits playing key roles. Age management and outplacement are positively linked to performance, though it's unclear if they directly enhance it. Future research will use a Diff-in-Diff analysis to assess the effect of firm policies on age-related outcomes.
Main policy, industrial and scientific implications
- Sensitivity analyses using LFS data on both educational attainment and later labor market outcomes have shown that the results on educational attainment is particularly robust, especially for females, while the ones on working outcomes are less robust.
- Initial findings show that age-related practices have increased, with collective bargaining and firm traits playing key roles. Age management and outplacement are positively linked to performance, though it's unclear if they directly enhance it.
Brief description of the activities and of the intermediate results:
The research team (Brilli, Cottini, Ghinetti, Moroni) has continued working on the analysis using Labour Force Survey data to assess the effect of university opening on educational attainment, with the aim of the distinguishing between STEM and non-STEM field of study: this is possible thanks to the detailed level of information provided in the historical dataset on university opening, as well as on the availability of the field of study of the respondent's education in the LFS data. Moreover, the research team was awarded a Visitinps fellowship, which would allow to perform an analysis on labor market outcomes and firm dynamics on administrative linked employer-employee data.
Main policy, industrial and scientific implications
The analysis results (though preliminary) show that university opening had an effect mainly on women's educational choices, even though it seems it mainly pushed women toward non-STEM field of studies. Nevertheless, we observe that college education indeed contributes to decreasing the gender gap in employment between men and women.
Dissemination Events:
- Workshop, held in Rome - 14th June 2023- which saw the participation of researchers involved Spoke 6, as well as stakeholder, representatives of Italian institutions, and policymakers. It fostered public debate on the preliminary results obtained by Spoke 6 and on the next steps. The main presentation in the program were:
- Lucifora C. “Managing Age between and within firms in an Aging Society: Implications for firms’ efficiency and workers’ well-being"
- Brilli Y., E. Cottini “Recent Developments on Empowering Older People and Older Workers: Human Capital and Productivity”
- Workshop at Ca’ Foscari University of Venice (July 2023), in which Ca’ Foscari researchers shared their advancement Age-It inviting other researchers from other projects (researchers from Spoke 6 and 7 were involved)
- A Workshop PNRR-UCSC Age-It held at Catholic University of Milan on October 18 and 19, 2023 (titled “AGE-IT”: the Contribution of Medical and Social Sciences)
- Ylenia Brilli and Elena Cottini participated to an event of Stakeholder Engagement on October 25 in Milan, in which researchers from Age-It meet stakeholders and policy makers.
- AGE-It General Meeting. Age-It announced the Call for Papers for the General Meeting, organized by Spoke 6, which took place in Venice at the Ca’ Foscari University from May 20th to May 22nd at San Giobbe Economic Campus – Cannaregio 873 – 30121 Venice. During the meeting, parallel sessions were hold dedicated to the research conducted by members of the Age-It community. Each session focused on a broad theme with contributions from various disciplines. Every session emphasized the implications of the research for practice and policies in the biomedical, demographic, social, and economic fields, and/or on technological innovation. The General Meeting was an important dissemination event that reached and engaged more than 400 participants. The main results presented and discussed at the Age-It general meeting, received significant attention by the research community and are expected to influence both practice and policies for an active and healthy ageing.
- Milano: Workshop Age-It cross-spoke (18 October 2024)
Scientific Outputs:
- Cappellari L., A. Albanese, M. Ovidi, “Earning ability and workers’ ageing”, mimeo, 2023.
- Brilli Y., E. Cottini, P. Ghinetti, G. Moroni and F. Parodi, Supply of tertiary education, working careers, firms’ composition and performanc, mimeo, 2023.
- Crapolicchio E., E. Franzetti, C. Lucifora and C. Manzi “Managing Age between and within firms in an Aging Society. Implications for firms’ efficiency and workers’ well-being.”, mimeo, 2023 .
- Errichiello L., G. Falavigna, T. Toffanin, “The silver economy and implications for work and welfare”, mimeo, 2023 .
- Brugiavini A., R. E. Buia, D. Cavapozzi and I. Simonetti, “Does remote working increase the labour supply of older workers?", mimeo, 2023.
- D’Achille M. e M. Paiella, I lavoratori in età adulta: occupabilità pre-pensionamento e carriere lavorative; mimeo, 2023.
- Belloni M., C. Lucifora and P. Micera “Working conditions and health at work over the life-course: preliminary evidence for Europe”, mimeo, 2023.
- Crudu P., G. Pasini “Italian Employment Landscapes: Unveiling Diverse Career Trajectories”, mimeo, 2023.